a review on the structural levels of tofig al-hakim's "prayer of the angels"

among the components of human culture, literature includes a systemic deep structure. based on this deep structure, a reader can understand the meaning of the surface structures. originating from this view to the deep structure or the depth of the text, branches of literature and critical literature were created which sought to reveal the meanings by examining the interrelationship and replacement of the words for each other. in this approach, the major players in the creation of meaning are elements which exist in the text. this approach did not seek to reveal the meaning by examining socio-political condition of environment or individual characteristics of the writer. in the wake of some theories and debates in formalism, methodology, semiology, and linguistics, a school of thought in the middle of 20th century was created which was called structuralism. this branch of science looks at literary works as a text, including writing ...